2025 “Export to Web” interface show unreadable icons.

What is your screen size and resolution?

I have a standard HD monitor (1920x1080).  I also have my Windows UI scaled to 125%.  This is how my Save to Web screen appears:

So, perhaps changing your Windows UI scaling may make the icons a little larger.  But do you really need these icons to be larger in order to work with the dialog?  These are standard Windows icons that have been in use for many, many years.  If you don't know what they mean, hover over them with your mouse and a popup will show you.

I believe that is because Save for Web uses the older Windows XP era save as dialogs that were never optimized for high resolution diaplays like 4k and 5k.

Those are system icons, they have nothing to do with the program.

That's not a screenshot from the latest version of either photoshop, or photoshop elements, is it?   which version of what program are you using?   

I tried every export option in photoshop and photoshop elements, both using the latest version and could not duplicate what you posted in your screenshot.   Below is what is should look like in photoshop version 27.1