Bildersammlung aus Photoshop 2010 in Photoshop 2018 übertragen.

There is no PSE2010 version, I think you mean PSE10?

If you have PSE10 and PSE2018 on the same computer, you only have to use the catalog manager of PSE2018 (menu File>>Manage catalogs) and click the 'convert' button. This will create a copy of your catalog folder in the new 2018 format, keeping your tags, keywords, albums and organization the same.

If you are moving from a computer to another, see:

https://helpx.adobe.com/de/photoshop-elements/kb/backup-restore-move-catalog-photoshop.html

Follow the steps in the above document to do a full backup then a restore to the new computer.