Premiere is doing a Mask Track, not a Motion Track. Yes, you can copy the resulting keyframes, but they're Mask Path keyframes. As such, they cannot be pasted to the Position of another clip.
In order to apply the results of a track to another layer or layers like you're looking to do, it has to be a Motion Track.
The video that you provided a link to is not titled correctly. Instead of being called "Auto & Manual Motion Tracking an Object with Premiere Pro", it should be called "Auto & Manual Mask Tracking an Object with Premiere Pro".
What is perhaps even more confusing about the video that you link to is that it shows a Mask Track being done on footage that already has a Motion Track rendered into it (the WANTED graphic callout). While probably not intentional, it just makes the mis-naming of the title more problematic.
In After Effects, you can do a Motion Track and then apply the results to another layer (usually the Transform Position parameter, but it can be to any position coordinates like the Flare Center of the Lens Flare effect (tip: for lens flares, check out Video Copilot Optical Flow or Red Giant Universe Knoll Light Factory) or to the Brush Position of the Write-On effect.
Another advantage of After Effects is that the points on a Mask can be turned into Null Objects using the included Create Nulls From Paths script, turning the coordinates of each mask path vertex into a Null Object with the correspoding Positions set as Expressions which can be linked to other layers.