I was facing the same issue and somehow they were fixed!
I'll share all the steps I tried.
First, I tried the suggested link from nishu_kush:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZ_9rDQtRD4&ab_channel=AdobeCare
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVwfR2832o4&ab_channel=AdobeCare
Then I restarted After Effects and my laptop, but I still had the error and was missing the Advanced 3D renderer.
Then I checked if my Nvidia drivers and Windows updates were up to date, updated my Windows 10 updates, and restarted my laptop, but I still had the error.
Then I thought that the problem might be my Graphic card:
("NVIDIA® GeForce GTX 1650 Laptop GPU" with 4GB GDDR6 Memory)
So I contacted Adobe support to ask if that Graphic card supports the Advanced 3D rendered, but they did not have an answer so they offered to help me by accessing my computer remotely.
I shared my PC with the agent, he opened After Effects, we faced the error and the missing Advanced 3D renderer.
Then I chatted a bit with him about what may be causing the problem, nothing specific.
And finally, without doing anything more I restarted After Effects, opened it again and THE ERROR WAS GONE!
Now I can use the new Advanced 3D Renderer in After Effects 2024!
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Here are the 2 links that probably somehow helped (Thank you - nishu_kush !):