Thanks for the link Lynnea1941, this is interesting…
First, I used ExifTool to rebuild the file’s metadata:
exiftool -v -all= -tagsfromfile @ -all:all -unsafe -icc_profile /Users/username/Desktop/file.tif
Which did not help with Bridge being able to keyword.
So, I then used ExifTool to add the keyword:
exiftool -subject='test' /Users/username/Desktop/file.tif
Which did result in the keyword being embedded and is visible in ExifTool and other non-Adobe software… However, as far as Bridge is concerned, there is no keyword!
My next thought was that this may have something to do with document compression, however that was not the case either.
I then noticed that the layered original was using RLE layer compression, and you had also noted that this file worked when flattened… I personally always use ZIP layer compression, not RLE.
Guess what? Simply changing over to ZIP layer compression allowed me to write metadata to the image, without having to flatten! I did have to purge the Bridge cache for this folder as I had left this open and it did not recognise the change. So, please try saving your layered originals with ZIP layer compression and let the forum know if this works for you too (of course this makes no sense and is not applicable when I create a new file, so it may just be something that is messed up with your older files from the recovered backup).
It works as you suggested using ZIP layer compression!!! I opened the document and saved it with a new title with ZIP layer compression.
I can add the metadata, I can now see File Information in the drop down menu in Bridge, there is a thumbnail for the image, and it opens with all the layers. It looks normal again.
Thank you so much.