Sorry for the delay in response Waxilium, as you have mentioned that you have installed your software through a backup, i would not recommend you to use the backup software to attempt to repair the installed Adobe applications as this leaves the applications in an unexpected state which may prevent the Adobe apps from opening or updates from applying.
As a next step i would recommend you to remove all installed Adobe software.You may use the CC Cleaner Tool to do so: Use the Creative Cloud Cleaner Tool to solve installation problems , After this you should be able to successfully install Adobe applications, and updates, without additional errors.
If you still encounter additional errors updating Lightroom then you may see my post in message #2 on how to locate the error preventing the update in the log file.
If you encounter any errors during the re-installation of Lightroom CC 2017 then please review Creative Cloud download and install errors which discusses how to review the install log.
Would request you to update the discussion if you encounter any errors or have any questions.
So, the final solution was, to refresh windows and therefore install all over again.
I tried everything that i found researching this problem (cc cleaner tool / creating a new profile / etc.).
At last i cleared my workhorse and installed everything new.
This has left me with a lot of work.