I looked through that troubleshooting guide and it said first thing I should do is try to uninstall and reinstall. I figured out I did have Adobe AIR downloaded for the latest version. So when I try to uninstall basically the same thing happens. I click uninstall on the control panel nothing happens even after waiting so I go to hit uninstall again and it says I have to wait for the program to finish uninstalling. So then like last time I went into my task manager and there again is a process running but not doing anything this time it was "Adobe AIR Installer".
Interesting will you can also try to initiate a direct download by following the steps listed in http://forums.adobe.com/thread/981369. Perhaps you have security software or a software firewall which is interferring with the Adobe Download Assistant.