The typical way to do that would be to find a font that has that glyph and install it on your computer. You might already have a font installed that has that symbol, but there's no way to ask InDesign to show you only fonts that have that symbol. When you're looking in the Glyphs menu, there's a Font dropdown at the bottom of the panel. You'd need to pick a font that actually has that glyph to insert it. If you don't already have a font installed with your quarter-moon glyph, you could go and download a font like Noto Sans Symbols, which has that glyph.
(It's easy to use macOS font tools to find out which installed fonts have a particular glyph; I have no idea how to do so in contemporary Windows versions, because I use an ancient app when I need to figure out which font has the glyph I'm looking for.)