Outnumbering = autonumbering plus autocorrect.
Dropbox - Footnotes.idml
I didn't bother packaging the fonts, which are all OTF Frutigers.
Nothing I change in Footnote Options has any effect. I tried removing the numbering in the Footnote style, then changing footnote options. I think the footnote numbering is added as text, not formatting, and since I removed the text to use numbered paragraphs there's nothing to update.
So there are two problems here: One is a PEBKAC because I didn't understand the mechanics of footnote numbering. The other is a bug in which numbering doesn't work for footnotes.
Hi Scott:
When I add new footnotes, they work as expected, once I disable numbering for the ¶ style:

I cannot figure out how you removed the footnote number on the existing footnote (how did you remove the numbering), nor can I bring it back, short of cut and paste:

Because I do legal work, I work with more footnotes than any normal person, and I've never encountered any bug associated with them, in any version of InDesign. Then again, I've never disabled the footnote numbers and tried to rebuild them with auto-numbering.
~Barb