You can determine which language the font supports by looking at the name table, but this is uncommon because you have to look inside the font file.
Usually, you can preview and check it on the OS or use a font management tool. Also, fonts such as CJKV contain more than 10,000 glyphs, so you may find it by looking at the file size.
The following is the script lookup of the name table.
https://gist.github.com/ten-A/aa69b5e4a43bad99b67bed2b4532c19b
When you select the font you want to check by executing it from InDesign or Illustrator, the code table of which language is included is listed as follows.
