An untrained Word user will be applying bold and italic directly. Directly-applied bold and italic needs to be Find/Changed in InDesign so that it uses character styles. That is better management.
A better-trained Word user will apply these by means of a character style in Word. When File > Place-ing a better-made word docx, the bold and italics either map to your existing Character styles or else become new Character styles, once imported. Nothing in this process will remove character styles. The InDesign document definition of Bold and Italic win out over imported Word docx that also has character styles named bold and italic.
Still, I'm not sure if I am really understanding what you are asking.
Are you familiar with triggering Show Import Options when you File > Place a Word docx?
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