When I run InDesign or create a new document 95% of the elements are not visible and I get a grey

I right clicked on InDesign.exe and ran it using my integrated graphics instead of NVIDIA card and it fixed the problem 🙂

Try to change the UI preference to the lightest setting and uncheck Match Pasteboard to Theme Color.

Then set the General preference by unchecking the first two choices as shown in the screenshot below.

Hey

Very frustrating!

Not seen this one before and I know you've tried several things already - so it should be working. 

Just to recap with more indepth ways that go beyond the 'normal'

The below steps are the basic way to reset your preferences

The link itself has a more indepth method
Windows: Start InDesign, and then press Shift+Ctrl+Alt. Click Yes when asked if you want to delete preference files.
macOS: While pressing Shift+Option+Command+Control, start InDesign. Click Yes when asked if you want to delete preference files.
A dialog will appear asking to delete the InDesign Preferences, select 'Yes' on this dialog.
Further info and instructions here if needed:
https://helpx.adobe.com/in/indesign/kb/indesign-preferences-support-file-locations.html

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Reinstalling rarely fixes everything - you can do a complete reinstall using the
Creative Cloud Cleaner Tool https://helpx.adobe.com/creative-cloud/kb/cc-cleaner-tool-installation-problems.html

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Other things you could try:

Try starting in Safe Mode and see if the program works normally

If it does you know it's another application in the background. 

Check your Firewall Settings or Anti-Virus and add the application 

Update your graphics card

Update the OS

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Rollback to a previous InDeisgn version

https://helpx.adobe.com/download-install/using/install-previous-version.html#:~:text=Open%20the%20Creative%20Cloud%20desktop,down%20list%2C%20select%20Other%20Versions.