Video card is an AMD Radeon R9 270. Driver version 22.19.172.769 (Windows says it's the latest)
Windows updates is the wrong way to insure hardware is up to date. Windows used to try and do that, but now days that does not occur. You would need to get the driver from AMD. And your AMD supporting app is also old.
However, that GPU is what, nine years old? Turning use GPU on will probably cause more harm than good. You need to experiment with that to find out. And back on v6.14, if you do it have 4K and beyond, turning that on will accomplish nothing.
The internal SSD that the Catalog is on is abouit 87% full.
So, less than 20% free. LrC needs that drive to be 20% free, some say 25% free. Performance degrades at that point. Just the type of poor performance you are seeing.
Make sure that you have a trust worthy backup of your catalog. This should be on a different hard drive. Then return to your current drive. Any jink on it? Perhaps older catalogs, perhaps from Lr 5, 4, 3?
By the way, we're is your backup? Should never be on the same drive as the working catalog, and it is often recommended to have at least two on separate drives (of which one gets locked up in case of theft), external drives are great for this (in a proffesonal office, a third backup on a external drive might be rotated off site in case of natural disaster). A backup on the same drive as the working catalog just begs for that drive to go kaput (karma), thereby destroying both the working catalog and the backup, have you bribed your house gremlin lately? And eats up free space where you need it.
The photos are on an internal 7200 RPM hard drive that ie less than half full
So plenty of room for the photos, and the drive would not be turned off (an issue during exports, publishing, etc). Note that the photos can be on any physical hard drive, no performance hit on slow vs fast drive for them.
The camera raw cache is on the same SSD as the Catalog. It's maximum size is 1 GB
Location good, on a Windows PC competition with the Windows paging file (by default on drive C) causes performance hits. And both the catalog and the Camera RAW CACHE can take advantage of a SSD drive.
Size very bad, trying to remember back to v6.14, that was probably the default. Current default is 5 GB, also way too small. The larger your catalog is, and especially the more humorous the number of photos you are currently working on, the larger that CACHE needs to be, think more like 20 GB as a starting point.
I don't see the "power mode" setting that I have on my tablet PC.
Much like a laptop, a tablet PC lacks the power supply, and lacks the cooling, to support that, hence not at all surprised that it is not offered.