Yes, you can develop the raw file into as many different treatment versions as you like, by making virtual copies.
Altering resolution is something that only applies to a copy image that is exported. So long as you have access to a given image state you can continue to output from it in whatever varying ways you want. The choices made at output only affect the output. All editing done inside the Catalog happens nondestructively at the original resolution of the imported source file, and always referring without any cumulative change or degradation, back to the original picture / Raw content of that.
A virtual copy behaves as an independent image version so far as belonging to collections, having metadata such as keywords and colour flags, and so far as Develop adjustments. The only link it has to the master copy it was made from, is that any fact about, or anything done to or involving the imported file which underlies both, has necessarily to apply to both. So if you drag that master copy into a different folder (inside the Catalog), or rename it, that file will physically move or be renamed. Therefore this virtual copy will also report as being within that new folder location, or will reflect that changed filename. But otherwise, they behave inside the Catalog like two effectively different photos. From outside the Catalog nothing can be seen of a virtual copy, But if you export or print from it etc, the result is just as real as if it had been made from the master copy.
To underline this equivalence: you can even switch two image versions that both refer to the same file, as to which one of them is the master copy.
One thing to watch out for when using History: if you go back to an earlier state than your latest edits, and if you then make any sort of a new adjustment, the History of this image takes a fresh path that will not include those same subsequent edits. So if you roll back to an earlier state that you want to use as the basis for some other treatment - make a virtual copy but then in the main starting image, remember to roll back forward to see your latest edits again, That way you won't lose them.