When I choose edit a photo in PS from LR, and do the edit and save back as a tiff. It shows the original folder as the targer for the same, but instead LR creates another folder with the same date as the original. See image.
In your screen-clip I do not see two folders with the same (Date) name. (Also the clip indicates you are using Lr-Classic or old legacy Lr.)
Are you sure you are using [Save] in Photoshop, (and not [Save As] ) ? Only [Save] will return the new TIF file to the same folder as the file you opened from Lr-Classic. A [Save] should not show you a 'target folder' aat all.
You would also need the folder Sort order to be 'Filename' for the two images to appear together in grid view. 'Capture TIme/Date' will place the new TIF at the very end of a grid view.
In the past there has also been a 'bug' that creates two similar folders (or even two similar Drives) and that is the 'Capitalization' problem.
Previously, using LR Classic I was always able to make adjustments to a file, "save as" a tiff and it returned the new tiff to the same date folder. In recent times, same process, when using "save as" LR creates what looks like a new folder with the same original date. I tried your "save" with no name change from PS back to LR and it still puts the photo in the new duplicate date folder. It is now a tiff. When I try to move from the new folder to the original folder with same date, LR classic tells me it cannot be done.
"When I try to move from the new folder to the original folder with same date, LR classic tells me it cannot be done."
This is also suggesting to me that you have encountered the "Capitalization" error bug.
A [Save] from Lightroom-Classic will create a new TIF (or PSD, as set in LrC Preferences /External Editing.). That is to be expected.
Can we see a screen-clip that shows the two similarly named folders? And if you hover the mouse cursor on each of those similar folders- Does the the full Path to the folder show exactly the same, and in exactly the same letter character case? (upper/lower case?)
And your Version Number of Lr-Classic is...?
And your Version Number of Photoshop is...?
This video was created for Lr3 but still valid for Lr-CLassic (NOT Lightroom Cloud based!)
Here is a screenshot showing a couple of the duplicate folders. The two are the 10-27 and the 12-3. You can see the whole path on this screen capture, but both the folders for 2017-12-03 show the exact same path when I hover over them: /Volumes/PHOTOS TWO/2017-12-03. No difference in capitalization.
p.s. i don't think the adobe website, and forums in particular, are easy to navigate, so don't spend a lot of time searching that forum list. do your best and we'll move the post (like this one has already been moved) if it helps you get responses.