Default interface

As @Trevor.Dennis mentioned, properties are contextually dependent, so you would need to select an existing Hue/Saturation adjustment layer, or add a new one. This could be automated to various degrees.

The default workspace is Essentials, but regardless of which workspace is selected, the Properties panel will always be context sensitive, and react to what function is currently selected. 

Custom Workspaces have incredly useful added value in that you can save keyboard shortcuts, custom toolbars and menus, so you can expand keyboards shortcuts and toolbar layouts according to what you are doing.

It's super easy top drag panels around, which is something the regular posters do many times a day asrranging panels for forum answer screenshots.  This would be annoying when you want to tidy things up, so what I do is have simple Actions that select and reset my three most used workspaces, and triger them with unmodified Function keys.  So no matter how messed up my screen gets, I press F5 and it is instantly back to normal.

So you could have a custom workspace that places the Layers and Properties panels into convenient positions, and reset at will.   You could create an Action that does the above and adds a Hue/Saturation layer, but it hardly seems worth it.  The default shortcuts for image adjustments are shown below (this is my Essentials workspace)

However, we work nondestructively when we can, so when I have my default workspace selected, those shortcuts switch to add Adjustment Layers instead.  Does that make sense?  It makes things flexible and powerful, and most of what I use a lot is triggered by a single button (either function keys or the G-keys on the gaming keyboards I use for content creation.

If I am missing the point, let us know why you want to have things laid out as you describe, and we'll try and give you a workaround