How to create thes line pictures?

[Alex350871233861]

Can anyone tell me how to create line pictures like this (with Photoshop or Elements)?

Especially with very smooth lines, which you can see very clear in the second picture.

    

[Derek Cross]

This might help: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLRDCn5UMOo

[Semaphoric]

This effect can be done  by putting a layer of closely-spaced lines (or dots) above the image, blurring it a little, and setting its Blend Mode to Hard Mix. The second picture looks to have the image visible through it as well.

As for the swirly lines, Maybe a rake-type brush? Or a pattern of stripes with the Liquefy filter run on it (I've done that)?