Hi @VITABarre
All the Shift key does is center the image in the new window. For testing purposes, can you go to Window > Arrange > Tile and try it again? Return to Tabs with Window > Arrange > Consolidate.
Also, just for testing purposes try it with two other files. One can be a simple shape and the other a new file with nothing in it or maybe a photo.
You may have to reset preferences after backing up customization, but first try quit and relaunch. If that fails, try rebooting your computer. Reset is in Prefs > General > Reset Preferences on Quit.
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/preferences.html
(I think tabs were introduced in CS3, but that does not relate to your issue.)
~ Jane
I wanted to update everyone on my discovery. I freshly set up photoshop and this was my first project on the new setup.
I noticed another issue and tried to troubleshoot it and then discovered why my layers were not working.
The problem: Image Canvas Size
For some odd reason, my canvas size was set to inches and 1000 inches. This meant my small icon file looked invisible because it was so tiny in comparison. It also meant my brush tool had a delay when using it.
Once I fixed the size, everything went to working. Thanks for all the wonderful help. I knew it had to be something simple.