Can adobe premiere transcriptions be viewed on the edited timeline?

Warren and gerikp provide methods for using captions rather than the transcipt. Does that work for you? If so, I'll comment further on that.

As implied,  you cannot do what you want with the actual TRANSCRIPT. It does not respond to, nor get edited, by actions in the timeline. That will only affect captions. Other users would like similar functionality.

Stan

If your Source is a Sequence with Captions, Premiere Pro can take Captions with Video and/or Audio for an insert or overwrite.  Make sure that "Insert or overwrite sequences as nests or individual clips" is set to "individual clips" prior to doing an insert or overwrite (the button should be light gray, not blue) in your editing Sequence.  Also, pay attention to the Track Targeting for the Captions Track (while the C1 patch and C1 target should be blue, current versions of Premiere Pro will include the Captions from the Source regardless and this may change in a future version).

So, the interview clips need to be in corresponding interview Sequences.  Once captions are made, the corresponding interview Sequences must be used as Source instead of the interview clips.

You can drag and drop an interview Sequence to the editing Sequence from the Project/Bin to take the full length.  Or, drag and drop an interview Sequence to the Source tab and edit as you would by marking an In and an Out and then using Insert or Overwrite.  All options for getting from the Source tab to the Sequence should work.

Captions in the caption track in a sequence timeline will only respond to ripple edits. But what you are looking to do I think will be a struggle. The best way to go about it, I think, is to make your edits first and then transcribe after you are done. If that's not possible for you then what I would try would be to caption each interview in separate sequences and then drop those sequences into another sequence, nesting, for the final editing.