Thank you for reporting this issue. A log file would be helpful for us to see more information on the std::exception. Since you cannot launch to enable logging, try this:
Open a new blank file in TextEdit
Select Format > Make Plain Text if it not already a plain text file
Save the blank file as "After Effects (Beta) Log.txt" in "/Users/<yourUserName>/Library/Preferences/Adobe/After Effects (Beta)/25.3/logs". Please create the logs folder if it doesn't exist.
Try to launch After Effects.
Share the After Effects (Beta) Log.txt file with us via a link (since .txt files cannot be attached to a post)