Adobe Connect Information Security / Data Protection

1a) What information/data of participants (participants name, email address, chat input, IP and more) is transmitted to the meeting host or to Adobe itself?

The Meeting Host will see the participant's name in the Attendee pod. Connect will store the name. Email will also be a part of the user account if they join the meeting with a username and password. If they join as a guest, then only the name will be stored. Chat is saved in the meeting, but chat transcrips can be stored on the server if enabled by an account Admin. 

1b) Does an account have to be created for the use of the client or what alternative login options are there (guest, entering name, etc.)?

Accounts do not have to be created for someone to join a Meeting. But guest access can be enabled/disabled by the meeting host. 

1c) Where are date they stored and which encryption is used for data security?

Not sure what you mean by the date, but I believe that Adobe uses AES 256 bit encryption for all data in motion. 

2a) Which functions can be used with the desktop application as a participant. Is there a functional matrix for the Client Desktop application related to the role participant?

All functions. Once in a meeting a user can be promoted to any role and have all functions available. Maybe this helps clarify what the roles can do: https://helpx.adobe.com/adobe-connect/using/meeting-basics.html#meeting_roles_and_permissions 

The biggest thing that the desktop app can do that the browser version can't (as of this date) is sharing your screen.

2b) Is it particularly true that no sessions can be initiated with the desktop application alone?

No. Sessions can be initiated with just the desktop application. Meeting rooms can't be created with the desktop app, but they can be used at any time with it once they are created.

2c) Can participants also upload files or share their own screen.....

If given permissions to do so within the room, yes. By default, a Participant cannot upload files or share their screen.

2d) Which functions can be configured to deactivate

Pretty much all of them. There is a large section of the Admin part of Connect where features can be turned off. It's called Compliance and Control.

3) Which package (https://helpx.adobe.com/adobe-connect/connect-downloads-updates.html) do you recommend for App-Virulisation deployment?

Probably the MSI or executable versions. Really depends on how you are deploying software within your virtual environment.