I think I've solved my problem.
The link that helped me most was probably this one, but only to find out, that none of the suggested solutions worked for me: https://helpx.adobe.com/creative-cloud/kb/arent-my-files-syncing.html
But through this, I was able to specify the symptoms of my problem futher: The green checks to symbolize synchronisation were missing and and the CreativeCloud option in the context menue was missing. So I couldn't use the keyboard combinations.
What I did:
- In the sync-settings of CreativeCloud, I chose a different folder for synchronisation. Afterwards, I chose again the original folder.
- I think I also once uninstalled CreativeCloud completely and downloaded it anew from the web. I also tried repairing, but this process was prompted somehow.
During this process, 2 things happended:
- The green check-marks sporadically appeared for about half a second and dissappeared again. This was when I got the suspision, that the synchronisation of some files was the problem. I had that suspision before, but couldn't make out which. Folder names were all normal.
- In the sync settings of the CreativeCloud App, it finally brought up an error message specifying, which folders couldn't be synchronized.
The next steps I took:
- I deleted the two problematic folders through a web-browser after securing their content at a different location on the computer.
- I uploaded the content again in a new folder with a different title. (Just to make sure no sync errors of folders with same names would occur.) This would be a pain on a web-browser since you can't upload hole folders. I had the luxury of using CreativeCloud on two computers, so I just added the content on my second PC to the synched folder.
- I started my computer where the problem had occured. I stoped the internet connection before synchronization could start. I deleted the whole content of the snyced folder and repaired CreativeCloud with the "uninstall CreativeCloud" button you can find in your programme folder.
- I started CreativeCloud anew and voilà, it started downloading all the content again into the CreativeCloudFiles folder, this time showing the download process and the green check marks.