Is there any way to share a published draft of my project without using an LMS?

I think you can publish to google drive and access online from from there (I'm fairly sure I did this with a storyline course so I can't see why captivate wouldn't work).

It sounds like SCORM Cloud would be very useful for you (cloud.scorm.com).

You can upload your projects and send out invites. The only downside is that the free version only lets you have ten active invites at once, but you work around this by sharing the login details with your coworkers.

Alternately, if you just need them to check the content out, you can send them the scorm package, ask them to extract it (if it's a zip file) and then ask them to open up the index_SCORM.html file, which should launch the project the browser.

Hope this helps!

Yes, you can publish the HTML files to a webserver. You would need to provide a url to the course files that begins with the webserver's address & build the path to the files so you have a working url.

For best results, turn the reporting options OFF, as these are made to talk to the LMS, and will throw an error when accessing the files from a webserver.