The disclaimer: I don't work for Adobe, I'm not longer involved in the pre-release for Dimension and I don't have the model or other files you used so this is a best guess based on what you gave me and my personal experience
I don't believe this is a true bug but more a combination of small errors + the results of choices
Adobe Dimension can't rendor transparent pixels into a Png file, the option to remove the background entirely was dropped a few versions back... I assume this was done to speed up rendor times but I'm not in that loop
- The font on your decal image does have a small stroke... Repairing it is possible but the results are subtle
- The decal on your example image is being upsized
- you also have lighting effects
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I would rendor the fist image (the one in your example screenshot) as a Psd file
Then I would replace the background image with a single colour and re-rendor as a new Psd... Your image has green light so I went with that
A Psd has transparently built in so open the first file, drag in the rendor layer from the second file, then mask around the effected text to eyeball the results you want

I have included my working out files
https://adobe.ly/2LCK447
Thanks a lot! I've dug a bit further and found an issue within the app that is also responsible in a way for the bad results on all textures.
The problem is that apparently Dimensions has a size limit for the textures (in pixels) and if you exceed that limit, it will downsample your image to the highest allowed resolution. So for example, if you apply one large label image on your product of let's say 4000x4000 resolution, dimensions will downsample it to the maximum allowed 1024x1024 (this is an example resolution, don't know the maximum but it's very low).
This is my source file and a result in dimensions: https://1drv.ms/u/s!Ak5E_O3vH8JAgoBUMI4yOxSCF_XMJg
super sharp source file but an extremely blurry result
SOLUTION:
cut your graphics into smaller pieces and apply it one by one to your product. I took out a text from my label and saved it as a separate file. Same pixel density, but it's just a small piece of the label https://1drv.ms/u/s!Ak5E_O3vH8JAgoBTBLmbXLZXoug9wQ
and the results https://1drv.ms/u/s!Ak5E_O3vH8JAgoBSpHS2ZkLEytvq-w
now that the text is rendered in higher resolution, the white stroke is almost fully gone.