Thanks for sharing the details and the screenshots. Could you try turning off GPU Performance from Illustrator's Preferences under the Performance section and see if that makes a difference?
If the issue persists, try saving your file with a new name using File > Save As, then import the image into that new version. Also, let me know if this happens with all images or only certain types, like large TIFFs or CMYK JPEGs. If possible, it would be really helpful if you could share a sample InDesign file and one of the images that's causing the problem, so we can try to reproduce the issue on our end.
Looking forward to your update.
Abhishek