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Best practices and things to avoid for justification

Contributor ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

Hi, 

I am in the process of designing my first book (non fiction) in Indesign. Earlier this week I came across the topic of justification and realized that it was something my text blocks required. I did some research, but overall, this topic is still a bit unclear and I want to make sure its setup correctly.

 

Questions: 

  • Is there a specific percentage I should avoid going over or under in the various options in the justification settings?
  • Are there specific things I should look out for?
  • How can I ensure that I have no H&J violations? It always seems that when I adjust it one way, somehting else gets violated.


In general, I don’t have much knowledge about this topic besides reading a few things online, so any feedback would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much for any help in this area! 

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Community Expert ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

From your several posts and questions, I think you are expending too much focus on this detail. Unless you have special requirements or are working within layout rules that work against text justification, you can almost certainly leave the page-by-page justification and hyphenation to the long-refined, well-implemented rules InDesign uses. If you're examining every page and finding "flaws," I suggest you look at any selection of well-published books and you will find pretty much the same level of imperfection.

 

Yes, you can adjust the justification tools to be optimal for a given type of content — if the material has many long words, as for technical subjects (or, if I recall for your project, German), there are better and worse settings for an overall optimal result. But there are no hard and fast rules or settings away from the well-honed rules for each language. (It is essential that you assign a correct langauge to each paragraph style, so that you aren't trying to justify/hyphenate German using English rules, and so forth.)

 

And in truly fussy publication, it's not unusual to make a final pass through the pages looking for faults and applying spot correction to get rid of bad breaks, stacks of hyphens, "rivers" of white space etc. The best fix for that is to have full editorial power so you can rewrite a bit, shifting or substituting words for a better flow, but just a bit of squeeze and extend here, or forcing a different hyphenation break, can do almost as much.

 

If this is your first book, you have many, many things to learn and apply to get a quality result. Worrying about the finest points of the justification is... way, way down the list of things to consider.

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Contributor ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

Hi @James Gifford—NitroPress 
I really appreciate the help! The reason I might be putting too much focus on this is that I want to ensure everything is correct and free of mistakes (which it probably wont be anyways). However, your mention that even well-published books can have imperfections in the justification area helps me not stress too much about this detail.

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Community Expert ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

Don't take away the wrong impression, here. Clean and even justification and hyphenation are essential to good publishing, whether it's a web page, a newsletter or an encyclopedia. But after 30-odd years, based on decades of manual composition experience, the automated management and rules for this are well-honed and well-mplemented in most "page" apps, even Word. ID has excellent features that adapt by language and can (as you've found) be tweaked and adjusted easily.

 

But... such detail is rarely needed. The rules and processes are so refined that even fussy typographers only adjust them in limited cases. Assuming you set everything up right (especially assigning the correct hyphenation dictionary, by language), you could probably leave everything on defaults and need only fix a few odd breaks in your whole book.

 

So: paying attention to the justification, word spacing, hyphenation etc. is a good sign of craftsmanship, but if this is your first book, there are a dozen other things that do need close attention and could ruin the overall esthetics of your pages much more. So don't get hung up on this one detail; study all the other aspects of quality page design and adjust the ones that have a much bigger effect on the result (such as font, font size. line spacing, margins, columns, header and footer design and the overall "esthetic" of the whole).

 

Leave attention to fine-tuning the actual flow of lines to a late stage, and focus only on fixing obvious glitches where a little designer judgment is better than even the most refined algorithms and approximations.

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Community Expert ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

Hi @Mateomono, congratulations designing your first book! James gives some great advice. There are so many things to learn. 

 

If it helps, expert Mike Witherell gave me these “tried and true” settings and I start with them:

Hyphenation: 9,3,4,1, off, off, off

Justification:
80/100/120
-5/0/5
95/100/105

(Sometimes I reset the Glyph Scaling to 100% across the board if I'm finding trouble with a book that has certain glyph characters.)

 

I also use this No break GREP style: .{10}$ in my paragraph styles, which is used to match any sequence of exactly 10 characters at the end of a line. You can change to 8 or whatever works better for you. Let us know how it goes and come back for any other questions you have.

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Contributor ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

Hi @J E L 
Thank you very much for the help! I will definitely check this out.

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Community Expert ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025

Hi @Mateomono 
As you know, I already answered to this question in this thread: https://community.adobe.com/t5/indesign-discussions/how-to-make-body-feel-more-balanced-with-hyphena...

 

I insist on the fact that all these settings depend on numerous criterias: among them, there is the language, the length lines, the font you have choosen and so on. And even if the settings proposed by @J E L work well for English, it is absolutely not sure it will work for German.

I won't give you any setting advices for hyphenation but these are my favorite justification for french:

  • Long lines (text on a whole page):
    85 100 115
    -2 0 15
  • Short lines:
    65 95 145 (sometimes 70 100 145)
    -4 -2 15 (or -2 0 15, sometimes -6 -4 15)
    99 100 100

Personnaly, I find that reducing the glyph scaling under 99% is a wrong idea, since it's too much visible. 

These are basic settings, and they need to be adjusted depending on the font you have choosen. 

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Community Expert ,
Jan 08, 2025 Jan 08, 2025
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Summary: it's an art. With some good tools to assist it. 🙂

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