Can you select multiple layers in a document and have them all duplicate to unique documents

@CottonandTwirls – As I think about this, an action might be able to do so, however, it would be messy... Here is a script that should achieve what you are looking for:

/* 
https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/can-you-select-multiple-layers-in-a-document-and-have-them-all-duplicate-to-unique-documents/td-p/12957700
Dupe Selected Layers to New Docs.jsx
v1.0 - Stephen Marsh, 22nd May 2022
Note: No checks are performed for the selected layer kind, ensure that the correct layers are selected!
*/

#target photoshop

function main() {

        var s2t = stringIDToTypeID;
        (r = new ActionReference()).putProperty(s2t('property'), p = s2t('targetLayersIDs'));
        r.putEnumerated(s2t('document'), s2t('ordinal'), s2t('targetEnum'));
        var lrs = executeActionGet(r).getList(p),
            sel = new ActionReference();

        for (var i = 0; i < lrs.count; i++) {

            sel.putIdentifier(s2t('layer'), p = lrs.getReference(i).getIdentifier(s2t('layerID')));
            (r = new ActionReference()).putIdentifier(s2t('layer'), p);
            (d = new ActionDescriptor()).putReference(s2t("target"), r);
            executeAction(s2t('select'), d, DialogModes.NO);

            // Set the parent doc
            var origDoc = activeDocument;

            // RegEx remove illegal filename characters from document name
            var docName = activeDocument.activeLayer.name.replace(/[:\/\\*\?\"\<\>\|\\\r\\\n.]/g, ""); // "/\:*?"<>|\r\n" -> "-";

            // Layer name
            var layerName = activeDocument.activeLayer.name;

            // Show only the current layer
            toggleActiveLayerVisibility(true);

            // Duplicate the current layer to a new doc
            dupeLayer();

            // Return to the parent doc
            activeDocument = origDoc;

        }


        /* Functions */

        // Dupe active layer to new doc
        function dupeLayer() {
            var s2t = function (s) {
                return app.stringIDToTypeID(s);
            };
            var descriptor = new ActionDescriptor();
            var reference = new ActionReference();
            var reference2 = new ActionReference();
            reference.putClass(s2t("document"));
            descriptor.putReference(s2t("null"), reference);
            // Duped document name
            descriptor.putString(s2t("name"), docName);
            reference2.putEnumerated(s2t("layer"), s2t("ordinal"), s2t("targetEnum"));
            descriptor.putReference(s2t("using"), reference2);
            // Duped layer name
            descriptor.putString(s2t("layerName"), layerName);
            descriptor.putInteger(s2t("version"), 0);
            executeAction(s2t("make"), descriptor, DialogModes.NO);
        }

        // Toggle active layer visibility
        function toggleActiveLayerVisibility(toggleOptionsPalette) {
            var s2t = function (s) {
                return app.stringIDToTypeID(s);
            };
            var descriptor = new ActionDescriptor();
            var list = new ActionList();
            var reference = new ActionReference();
            reference.putEnumerated(s2t("layer"), s2t("ordinal"), s2t("targetEnum"));
            list.putReference(reference);
            descriptor.putList(s2t("null"), list);
            descriptor.putBoolean(s2t("toggleOptionsPalette"), toggleOptionsPalette);
            executeAction(s2t("show"), descriptor, DialogModes.NO);
        }
}

app.activeDocument.suspendHistory("Dupe Selected Layers to New Docs.jsx", "main()");

Saving & Installing Scripts:

1. Copy the code text to the clipboard
2. Open a new blank file in a plain-text editor (not in a word processor)
3. Paste the code in
4. Save the text file as .txt
5. Rename the file extension from .txt to .jsx
6. Install or browse to the .jsx file to run (see below)

More here:

https://prepression.blogspot.com/2017/11/downloading-and-installing-adobe-scripts.html#Photoshop