Target action in javascript to specific layer instead of current layer

Some properties can only be set for the active layer. These include, for example, the name and color of the layer.
In the DOM model fiction occurs, because the target layer temporarily becomes active, and this is done incorrectly. The layer visibility may will turn on and the current selections of layers will be removed.

UPD.

In most cases, DOM and AM have the same interaction features with objects that are accessible to the user through the Photoshop interface. In other words, if you cannot change the color of the layer label in the Photoshop interface without selecting it, then with a high probability it will not be possible to do this using a script.

If you have a pre-compiled array with laуerIDs, then the fastest way is not to select each layer separately, but to select all the necessary layers at once:

    function selectLayerByIDList (IDList) {
        var ref = new ActionReference()

        for (var i = 0; i < IDList.length; i++) {
            ref.putIdentifier(s2t("layer"), IDList[i])
        }

        var desc = new ActionDescriptor()
        desc.putReference(s2t("null"), ref)
       // desc.putEnumerated(s2t("selectionModifier"), s2t("addToSelectionContinuous"), s2t("addToSelection"))

        executeAction(s2t("select"), desc, DialogModes.NO)
    }

    function s2t(s) { return stringIDToTypeID(s) }

after that, apply the function with the assignment of a color label - it will be assigned to all layers in the current selection.

$.hiresTimer;
s2t = stringIDToTypeID;

(ref = new ActionReference()).putProperty(s2t('property'), p = s2t('numberOfLayers'));
ref.putEnumerated(s2t('document'), s2t('ordinal'), s2t('targetEnum'));
var len = executeActionGet(ref).getInteger(p)

var ids = []
for (var i = 1; i <= len; i++) {
    (ref = new ActionReference()).putProperty(s2t('property'), p = s2t('layerID'));
    ref.putIndex(s2t('layer'), i);
    ids.push(executeActionGet(ref).getInteger(p))
}

selectLayerByIDList(ids)
setLayerLabelCol('violet') 

alert ($.hiresTimer);

function selectLayerByIDList(IDList) {
    var ref = new ActionReference()
    for (var i = 0; i < IDList.length; i++) { ref.putIdentifier(s2t('layer'), IDList[i]) }
    (desc = new ActionDescriptor()).putReference(s2t('null'), ref)
   // desc.putEnumerated(s2t('selectionModifier'), s2t('addToSelectionContinuous'), s2t('addToSelection'))
    executeAction(s2t('select'), desc, DialogModes.NO)
}

function setLayerLabelCol(labelCol) {
    /*
        No Color = "none"
        Red = "red"
        Orange = "orange"
        Yellow = "yellowColor"
        Green = "green"
        Blue = "blue"
        Violet = "violet"
        Gray = "gray"
    */
    (ref = new ActionReference).putEnumerated(s2t('layer'), s2t('ordinal'), s2t('targetEnum'));
    (desc = new ActionDescriptor()).putReference(s2t('null'), ref);
    (desc1 = new ActionDescriptor()).putEnumerated(s2t('color'), s2t('color'), s2t(labelCol));
    desc.putObject(s2t('to'), s2t('layer'), desc1);
    executeAction(s2t('set'), desc, DialogModes.NO);
}

I don’t seem to understand your approach fully. 

Which Layer do you want to adress and how do you know its identifier? 

What is the whole Script supposed to achieve? (Screenshots please.)  

In any case I see no way to change the Layer Color other than selecting it, but selecting it via Action Manager-code should at least be faster than selecting it via DOM-code. 

I am not sure if I'm following 100%...

If there were 6 layer groups:

Group 6 (the last group added, index 0, highest in the stack)

Group 5

Group 4

Group 3

Group 2

Group 1 (the first group added, index 5, lowest in the stack)

If you wanted to label say "Group 5" as red, then it would have the index of [1]:

// color label layerset by index number.jsx

// layer set index number, starts at 0 (zero)
// last set added has the highest number (highest in the layer set stack)

var doc = app.activeDocument;
doc.activeLayer = doc.layerSets[1]; // layer set index number
setLayerLabelCol();

function setLayerLabelCol() {

    /*
    No Color = "none"
    Red = "red"
    Orange = "orange"
    Yellow = "yellowColor"
    Green = "green"
    Blue = "blue"
    Violet = "violet"
    Gray = "gray"
    */

    var labelCol = "red" // Change to a value listed above
    var c2t = function (s) {
        return app.charIDToTypeID(s);
    };
    var s2t = function (s) {
        return app.stringIDToTypeID(s);
    };
    var descriptor = new ActionDescriptor();
    var descriptor2 = new ActionDescriptor();
    var reference = new ActionReference();
    reference.putEnumerated(s2t("layer"), s2t("ordinal"), s2t("targetEnum"));
    descriptor.putReference(c2t("null"), reference);
    descriptor2.putEnumerated(s2t("color"), s2t("color"), s2t(labelCol)); // variable labelCol
    descriptor.putObject(s2t("to"), s2t("layer"), descriptor2);
    executeAction(s2t("set"), descriptor, DialogModes.NO);
}