A locked layer is not really locked, when using alt+select+drag it duplicates the layer. It is very annoying, you can't a simply lock a layer and duplicate other layers by als+dragging if a locked layer is above the layer you want to select. A more logical approach would be the After Effects way of locking a layer, there it is actually locked
This bug has been reported many times already and Adobe is probably never going to listen, but who knows, maybe this extra mention might help...
Adobe Photoshop Version: 23.4.1 20220615.r.547