The mentioned issue is fixed in the latest patch release #13.0.1.583. Please install and confirm if that fixes the issue. You can refer to the issues fixed in the patch at the following link https://helpx.adobe.com/bridge/kb/fixed-issues.html
The attached screenshots show that the folder list puts a 10 after 1 and ahead of a 2 BUT the essentials view of the folder puts 10 after 9 where I would expect it to be (and where it always was in the folder list until Bridge 2023.
That has always been the problem with the way that operating systems sort 'alphabetically'.
Numbers (1,2,3,...) precede alphabet characters (a,b,c...) in a sort order, and the first character of a filename always takes precedence before the OS 'looks' at the second character of a filename.
The result- An 'Alphabetic' sort will be- 1, 10, 100,.., 2, 20, 200,.., 3, 30,..., 4, etc.
If you want filename prefix 'number' characters to sort "numerically" then you must precede the numbers with appropriate zeros- 0001,0002, 0003, 0010, 0020, 0100, 0200, 9999, etc.
It's not always been the case as I have been filing like this for about 10 - 15 years and the switch to 1, 10, 100, 11 ...., 2, 20, only arose yesterday when I upgraded to Adobe 2023. Up until then 2022.10.22 came after 2022.9.12 etc.