That is because LR only keeps standard previews for a period of time. Then they are replaced with different ones.
This is something that is not adjustable. So as soon as you start to add or browse newer images the standard previews for older images are replaced by ones for the newer or newly browsed images even if the newly browsed images are older and LR has access to the original file.
That is why some images have them and other don't.
So you have 2 options when this happens.
1) Connect your external drive so LR can read the original file and create a preview for it.
2) Build Smart Previews for all the images that are in the external drive. But doing that will take a lot of disk space on your internal drive.
If you have the external connected and you are browsing images in the Library module Grid view or in the film strip and you see 3 white dots in the upper right hand corner of the thumbnail that is a sign that LR is creating a standard preview for that/those images.
With the external disconnected and LR doesn't have access to the original file then you get a blank gray box where the image would normally be displayed.