Hi @JH-Wendy:
Working within InDesign's feature set, no, you can't anchor between layers. If you have an image on one layer and anchor it to text on another layer, the image will jump itself to the text layer.
But you are trying to create a multi-version document and there are a few ways to approach it that stay within the feature set: layers, conditional text and alternative layouts.
So layers are out, obviously.
Conditonal text doesn't seem like the best approach (see the bottom of this page: https://helpx.adobe.com/indesign/using/editing-text.html). It involves setting up version tags and hiding/showing them. You could certainly play with it, but I'd lean towards an Alternate Layout. (See the bottom of this page: https://helpx.adobe.com/indesign/using/alternate-layouts-liquid-layouts.html).
An alternate layout creates a different version of a document, within the same file. You can link them together so that they start out the same, but then you can add your interactive features to the digital version. They are both in one file so fairly easy to manage. For example,
I'd start there and then come back if you have additional questions. We are always happy to help.
~Barb
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