I also had this issue on my 2018 Macbook Pro (thought my graphics card was failing at first) and the only fix was to restore to Mojave, so it's definitely a weird Catalina + Adobe Bridge bug.
Strangely enough, I do not have the issue with my 2019 iMac running Catalina.
When using bridge to edit on Mac OS, I have always used the space bar to view my highlighted image full screen. Makes editing much faster. I am running the latest version of Bridge and Camera Raw. Since upgrading to Catalina, whe I hit the space bar, the image is completely color banded and not visible. This would appear to be a bug. The odder thing is, when I try to do a screen capture (CMD-SHFT-3) it clears up and the screen capture looks normal. Anyone else having this issue?
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Will the update 10.15.1 which is still currently with developers solve the fact that My Adobe Bridge wont read my card readers or my my Nikon D7500 and when I try to go to full screen view in Bridge the image is so pixeled out I cant see it. Any on else got these issues.
While Adobe is working on the issue with Catalina, no one outside of Adobe knows that those bug fixes will be, and Adobe won't comment on it till the release, which might come around the time of Adobe MAX in Nov.
The Bridge Catalina issues have been addressed in v10.0 which will be released early next month. If you need early access to this release, you can sign up for the prerelease program from https://adobeprerelease.com under NDA.
Select Adobe Bridge. Once we approve your request, you will be able to download v10.0 (choose the latest drop).