"Where do I find this file, "TranslatedStrings*.txt"?"
See here for how to manually edit the file. Or use the Any Shortcut plugin to do it for you and figure out which shortcuts you want to reassign.
"Something like this should be possible to fix in a next minor update, isn't it?"
It's a trivial amouont of effort to fix. But Adobe rarely announces ahead of time when/if they'll fix a bug.