Try turning off "Borderless Printing". Most borderless is done by scaling up the output by a couple of percent to make sure that that it covers the page.
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They may be images from a phone which can be in 16 bit mode. You might need to try opening them in Photoshop and resaving them as 8 bit JPG or PNG.
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Try using a round corner junction. In your first image you might try lowering the miter limit to 3 or 4 and see if you like it better. Corners are limited to 2 paths not 3.
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My bad. If you have something selected and the Control panel toggled on, nothing shows in the Control panel? If you look at the hamburger menu at the right side are things checked on?
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Can you select Layer 1 and show the Appearance panel? The gray color in the circle at the right indicates something is applied to the layer.
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