I had a look at the PDF that was uploaded and have re-read the brief.
To make sure I'm understanding it correctly, here's what I have:
* The client gives you a variable data range (that hopefully you don't have to key in manually after you have the ranges).
* From these ranges, some have to be specific colours.
* You want specific ranges to be grouped in their colours.
* You want to do this in one file.
If I have this right, I'd make the data as follows:
Code,color
AA01,red
AA02,red
AA03,red...
and so on.
Then once that range is done, in the same database you can have the next records as
BA01,blue
BA02,blue
BA03,blue...
and so on.
Now, the catch is how to change colours during the data merge. It can be done though it isn't in the help guide. This post describes how to achieve the technique but it requires knowledge of GREP styles: https://creativepro.com/changing-colors-during-a-data-merge/
Otherwise, you can make a solid patch of colour as a graphic and instead of the second column of the database being the name of the color, it can refer to the graphic that contains the color e.g. red.pdf or red.ai
Let me know if I've understood this properly or not.
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