1) Those are screenshots from the same file, each screenshot is from 2 visions: (1) fast full-screen preview on Adobe Bridge and (2) either fast full-screen preview on Mac OS or after being open in PS or after being open in C RAW
2) This particular image is 4860x3240, but I observe this effect in all my photos, regardless of resolution. Even on images smaller than my screen.
Wow, that's an amazingly large monitor. I have the Apple Studio Monitor, and it's only 2560 pixels wide. How do you stare at that thing without a box of popcorn in your hand? :>)
What I was looking for, and I'm not fully seeing this, is that programs like PS (and ACR) have significantly better image resolution adjustment capabilities. By that, I mean that they can adjust to have an image look good at pretty much any magnification. All Bridge does is open the image to 100% so that each pixel lands on the monitor's pixel. Thus, at 100%, the image often does not look as good as PS because it's being enhanced a bit in PS.
However, your image is about 8% larger than your screen (I'm still wondering what kind of monster screen you have), and I'm wondering if that's in a window of poor change in resolution. Hmm, one way to test this is to change the size of your image down to (say) 4000 pixels wide. How does that compare with PS?
One more question on your monitor: How can you read text on your monitor? I find that text can be so small on MY monitor as to be a big challenge.