Money continued to be taken each month after I cancelled my plan?

This looks like an individual plan and not like a Teams/Enterprise plan. I've moved this from Enterprise & Teams to Account, Payment, & Plan.

If I'm wrong with my assumption, OP can correct me, and I will move back.

If there is an active plan, that can be checked at https://account.adobe.com/plans. Furthermore, cancelling a plan generates an e-mail, confirming the cancel. If there is still a plan, or if you did not get the e-mail, the plan has not been cancelled or eventually not all plans got cancelled.

you should contact adobe support* IF you posted in the wrong forum and have an individual account.  if you have a teams or enterprise account, you should contact the plan administrator.

*

there are 3 ways to contact adobe; chat, phone and twitter:

chat:
use a browser that allows popups and cookies, and click here, https://helpx.adobe.com/contact.html?rghtup=autoOpen
in the chat field (lower right), type AGENT
be patient, it can take quite a while to reach a human.

phone:
https://helpx.adobe.com/contact/phone.html

twitter:
tweet @AdobeCare

p.s. if you're contacted by anyone (via email or private message), it's much more likely to be a scammer than an adobe representative. ie, double check for an employee badge if contacted in the forums and look for an adobe.com domain in the email address if you click reply to an email. then check again and be very suspicious. any other method of contacting (or offering to contact you) is almost certainly a scam, https://community.adobe.com/t5/using-the-community-discussions/staying-safe-in-the-adobe-support-community/td-p/12919684/redirect_from_archived_page/true