As said before, anything you will use in whatever way on smartphone - but this is true for any digital (aka non-printed) purpose - should be treated in a RGB environment, because you don't expect any device to have a color manager that can interpret your CMYK and convert in a good way in RGB. With that said, to solve your problem, you should just save the file in a usable file format (.jpg or .png will do best) and send it on the smartphone. Also, due to your Color Setting, you will not be prompted with any alert when you open a file that doesn't match your working color space, so you could be end up working on a CMYK file without even knowing. To know the actual color mode of the file you are working on, go to "Image > Mode" and see if "RGB Color" is selected. If not, you could convert the color profile via "Convert To Profile" [PLEASE DON'T CHANGE IT SELECTING IT DIRECTLY]. Hope this will help.
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